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    Stimulants are a class of drugs that enhance brain activity. Prescription stimulants were used historically to treat asthma, obesity, neurological disorders, and a variety of other ailments, before it became apparent that they could easily be misused and came with a high risk of developing addiction.1

    Medically, they are now prescribed for only a few health conditions, including narcolepsy (sleep disorder), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and short-term treatment of obesity.2 They are sometimes referred to as “study drugs” for their common misuse by students.

    Commonly known medications include Adderall, Ritalin, Vyvanse, Concerta, ProCentra and Suprenza.

    Commonly Prescribed Stimulants

    Generic Drug Composition Brand Name
    Methamphetamine Desoxyn
    Amphetamine/Dextroamphetamine Adderall
    Benzphetamine Didrex, Recede
    Dextroamphetamine Dexedrine, ProCentra, Dextrostat
    Lisdexamfetamine Vyvanse
    Methylphenidate Concerta, Methylin, Ritalin, Daytrana
    Dexmethylphenidate Focalin, FocalinXR
    Phentermine Suprenza, Adipex-P
    Armodafinil Nuvigil
    Phendimetrazine Bontril

    Understand the risks

    It’s dangerous for anyone to take prescription medication not prescribed to them. Stimulants increase the amount of natural chemical messengers called norepinephrine and dopamine in the brain. This increases blood pressure and heart rate; constricts blood vessels; increases blood glucose; and increases breathing. This can cause:

    • Rapid or irregular heartbeat
    • Delirium
    • Panic
    • Psychosis
    • Paranoia and heart failure
    • Addiction 3

    Heart attacks or deadly seizures can also occur in more serious situations.

    Identify and address problem use

    If you suspect your child or a loved one is struggling with stimulant misuse or addiction, explore the following resources to learn where to start.

    10 Conversation Traps to Avoid: Teen Communication Tips for Parents

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    How to Talk to Your Kids About Drugs

    It can be scary if your child is using drugs or alcohol, and it's important to confront it. We're here to give you tips and strategies on how to do it. Read More

    Having Tough Conversations

    During their teenage years, children’s brains are still developing, and continue to do so until their mid-20s or later. Substance use during this time period can negatively interfere with this development. It’s vital to intervene you're worried about your teen using substances. In this guide, you'll find answers to questions caregivers like you have about talking to your loved one and keeping them safe. Read More
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    Co-occurring Disorder Resources

    Learn more about helpful resources if a loved one has both mental health and substance use disorders, also known as co-occurring disorders, including what to do in the event of an emergency. Read More
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    Prevent misuse

    Stimulant misuse is often associated with stress and anxiety among young people. The following provide insight and guidance to help steer young people toward healthier stress management, and to avoid substance use.

    Stress and Drug Use: What Every Parent Should Know

    School stress can lead to teen drug use, but many parents with good intentions overlook the possibility. Learn the effects of stress and how to help your kid cope. Read More
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    School Stress: Are Study Drugs Helpful or Harmful?

    What happens when high-school and college kids (who don’t have ADHD) take prescription stimulants that are not prescribed to them? Dr. Nora Volkow, Director of the National Institute on Drug Abuse, weighs in. Read More
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    ADHD and Substance Use

    ADHD's potential link to substance use disorder is a significant concern for those diagnosed with it. Understanding this link is key to getting appropriate help sooner. Read More
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    Harm Reduction Strategies: Stimulants

    Stimulants, which include cocaine and amphetamines, speed up the body’s system, which increases blood pressure and heart rate. This can result in serious health issues, and they are often involved in overdoses. Read More
    Learn more

    The Partnership

    Last Updated

    November 2025

    [1]Drugs of Abuse | A DEA Resource Guide: 2017 Edition. “Amphetamines.” Drug Enforcement Agency, 2017. Web. https://www.dea.gov/sites/default/files/sites/getsmartaboutdrugs.com/files/publications/DoA_2017Ed_Updated_6.16.17.pdf#page=50. Accessed 26 Oct. 2018.

    [2]NIDA. “Prescription Stimulants.” National Institute on Drug Abuse, 6 Jun. 2018, https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/prescription-stimulants. Accessed 1 Nov. 2018.

    Additional sources:
    National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)

    Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA)

    U.S. National Library of Medicine